What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

The epiglottis plays a critical role during swallowing by functioning as a flap that closes off the larynx. When a person swallows, the epiglottis folds down over the opening of the larynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the airway. This action is vital for protecting the respiratory tract from aspiration, which occurs when food or liquids inadvertently enter the trachea instead of the esophagus. By effectively sealing off the airway during swallowing, the epiglottis ensures that the swallowed materials are directed into the esophagus, allowing for safe passage into the stomach.